PARTICIPLE

Participle adalah kata penjelas yang terdiri dari participle aktif dan pasif. Participle aktif menggunakan Verb + ing (sebagaimana Gerund) yang memiliki beberapa fungsi. Sedangkan participle pasif berbentuk V3 yang juga memilik beberapa fungsi.

Ada dua participles dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu:
1. Present participle (active participle) menggunakan akhiran –ing dari kata kerja, misalnya burning, working, loving, sitting, standing, sleeping, etc.
2. Past participle (passive participle) menggunakan akhiran –ed, -en, -d, -t, -n dari kata kerja, misalnya worked, wrecked, loved, broken, stolen, written, etc.

Sebagai verbal, fungsi utama dari participle adalah sebagai kata sifat (adjective) yang menerangkan nouns atau pronouns.

Letak present participle dalam kalimat:
- sebelum kata benda, contoh: The crying baby is suffering from the heat.
- setelah kata benda, contoh: The boy, shouting, woke his mother.
- di awal kalimat, contoh: Falling, Andri must be carried to hospital.

Letak past participle dalam kalimat
- sebelum kata benda, contoh: I saw a broken glass in the corner.
- setelah linking verb (be), contoh: She seemed worried.
- di awal kalimat, contoh: Shaken, he walked away from the wrecked car.

Fungsi Participle :
1. Sebagai penjelas kata benda
Rumus :
a. Participle Aktif Penjelas Kata Benda
Rumus :
- Noun + V-ing
- V-ing + Noun
Contoh :
The person writing this book.
The sleeping girl has completed her homework.
b. Participle Pasif Penjelas Kata Benda\
Rumus :
- Noun + V3
- V3 + Noun
Contoh :
The book written by Rayza.
Written stories in this laptop are good.

2. Membentuk Kalimat majemuk dari dua buah kalimat yang memiliki subyek sama
a. Peristiwa yang terjadi pada titik waktu yang sama
Karena kejadiannya pada saat yang sama, maka jika membahas “maknanya” bisa menggunakan kata penghubung, seperti : When, While atau as
Contoh :
Sitting near the bridge, they saw the car accident.
Artinya = When they were sitting near the bridge, they saw the car accident = They sitting near the bridge, when they saw the car accident.

b. Peristiwa yang terjadi secara berturutan atau sebab-akibat
- Kejadian berturutan
Rumus : Having + V3 + S + …
Karena kejadian berturutan, maka jika membahas maknanya bisa dihubungkan dengan kata penghubung : After dan Before.
Contoh:
Having studied the lesson, he slept

- Sebab – akibat, ada dua kemungkinan yaitu aktif atau pasif
Rumus : - Aktif : Verb-ing + S + V + …
- Pasif : V3+ S + V + …
Contoh:
Studying, he pass exam.
Started by the sudden noise, the baby woke up and cried.

Karena hubungan sebab – akibat, maka jika membahas maknanya bisa dihubungkan dengan kata penghubung : because/as/for/since
Combine the following pairs of sentences by using participles.
1. We met a boy. He was carrying a heavy bag.
2. The house was decorated with lights. It looked beautiful.
3. The robbers saw the policeman. They ran away.
4. I found the door open. I went inside.
5. The police saw the body. It was floating down the river.
6. He cried at the top of his voice. He rushed at the thief.
7. We had worked for several hours. We came out of the office.
8. The troops gave a blow to the enemy. It was stunning.
9. His handwriting was illegible. I couldn’t figure out what he had written.
10. We make some friendships in childhood. They last for ever.
11. The sun had risen. We set out on our journey.
12. I walked along the road. I saw a snake.
13. He lost all his money in gambling. He became a pauper.
14. I took a cue from his words. I solved the riddle.
15. The burglars broke the door open. They entered the house.
16. He didn’t realize the implication of his words. He went on speaking.
17. The enemy forces had been defeated by our army. They retreated fast into their own territory.
18. It was a fine day. Everybody was out on the roads.
Put in the verbs in brackets as participles present participle or past participle into the gaps.

Example: I talked to the man _______ the newspaper.
Answer: I talked to the man reading the newspaper.
1) He saw his friend …………….(go) out with Sue.
2) The bus crashed into the blue car ………….(drive) down the hill.
3) Peter hurt his leg …………..(do) karate.
4) The umbrella …………..(find) at the bus stop belongs to John Smith.
5) The people ……………..(dance) in the street are all very friendly.
6) I heard my mother …………..(talk) on the phone.
7) My uncle always has his car ……………(wash).
8) We stood ……………..(wait) for the taxi.
9) …………….(look) down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets.
10) The people drove off in a ……………..(steal) car.